2 Oz Ground Beef Equals Tablespoon
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite pic characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on backside the emerald drape and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek backside that curtain and learn more than near the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved flick a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum'south Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a part in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to enquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her amanuensis famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work fourth dimension. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being likewise scary for audiences.
Dorothy'due south Original Wait Was More Moving-picture show Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, merely that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the fourth dimension, the sixteen-year-sometime Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland article of clothing a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. Afterward MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of groovy film tricks, and some of the virtually unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the lesser of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'due south terminal-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'south quest to meet the Wonderful Sorcerer of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many similar to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-course chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the fourth dimension, it was however Hollywood's preferred choice for fake snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch whatever snowflakes on your natural language.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more than ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Human's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Can Human being's aluminum makeup caused a huge corporeality of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced past Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'southward makeup experience was meliorate than Ebsen's, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow'due south makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the expect of burlap. Subsequently the motion-picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set up
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more than fearfulness for Hamilton. On the first accept, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the 2d have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, only her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing 2d- and third-degree burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'south legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're chosen in the source material — take certainly been a source of terror for generations. Near equally scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of pianoforte wires.
However, the aerial stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting down on human marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature safety monkeys to assist populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Near on the Cutting Room Flooring
To no ane's surprise, the American Moving picture Constitute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #ane on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Just what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'southward career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the vocal made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathise the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Can Man Costume Didn't Permit Jack Haley to Rest Piece of cake
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean against a board to remainder properly. Many years afterward, role player Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same result with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Can Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new character, the Tin can Human, caused him a globe of issues. Namely, the character's silverish makeup contained a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen'due south lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and inverse upwardly the makeup), but didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the concluding film, his vocals can be heard in "Nosotros're Off to See the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is total of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is but a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make information technology look similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwards Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalism of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The movie went on to make roughly $8 one thousand thousand.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'south pay was better than Caselotti'southward — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it however didn't reflect the film's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per calendar week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per calendar week every bit Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'south Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might bandage its mascot — the actual panthera leo used in the studio'south title card — every bit the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the creature, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing animate being, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real king of beasts pare. However, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his grapheme's nerves. Each night, ii stagehands stale the costume for the side by side day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The picture started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $ii,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $l one thousand thousand adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the movie merely earned $iii million at the box function — almost $51.viii million past today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney made $eight million with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.South. barely covered production and picture rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — merely success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Night Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me As well"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to young actors to assistance them slumber later studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assistance, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than than their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, java and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated flick Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a boom-striking. Not only did the film revolutionize the blitheness manufacture, it too reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snowfall White — then the most successful moving-picture show of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited office in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Simply Had a Eye," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Reddish Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the volume, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's primary costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in nearly 2,300 sequins.
1 of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Establishment'south National Museum of American History. Since the display is and so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpeting at that place several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, simply the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these breathtaking locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to ship audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the moving picture is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is i of the most beloved dogs in flick history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and tin often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — similar when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
Afterward ane of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find 1 that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-factory evil villain. More than 35 years afterward the motion picture debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her nearly the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a sad, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked likewise takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Equus caballus of a Unlike Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a dissimilar color" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient particular…
Jell-O crystals were used to colour the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was once endemic by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald Metropolis to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in gild to requite life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since almost of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morning time — six days a week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill up the Film
The picture show is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of beingness responsible for some of the nearly quoted lines in movie history equally well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the picture's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man backside the mantle" was voted #24, while "At that place'south no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the ofttimes misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Similar the "equus caballus of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly later on Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the cherry-red slippers from the young girl'due south feet. All the same, fire strikes the Witch'due south hands, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to brand it wait more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was function fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor photographic camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the set upward to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were ready, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized course. For example, the white role of Dorothy'south dress is actually pink — simply because it filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited near? Information technology's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than Than I Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the W's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the E, who was the brusque-lived owner of the cherry slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her sleeping room window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the cherry slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more than noticeable.
The Picture'due south Running Fourth dimension Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like cipher by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
Afterwards cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (pinnacle right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the movie was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, later, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human becomes a human being beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. Just not anybody thought her functioning was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were actually friends. I story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a clothes to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wearable it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the twenty-four hour period of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the unabridged moving picture was shot in colour. Was this washed deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical false pas?
It'south widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into total three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the fourth dimension of the picture's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), calculation acceptance to this theory.
One of History's Almost-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, really topped the box role. (You may take heard of that petty movie — it'southward chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may accept more staying power than other films of the era, cheers in part to re-releases.
The pic was first broadcast on television on Nov 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 meg viewers. It'southward believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is one of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in movie history, largely due to the number of almanac television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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